Ülkemizin sunduğu yatırım olanakları (İngilizce), 19.5.2010
WHY INVEST AND DO BUSINESS IN TURKEY
Turkey is a country offering significant opportunities for foreign investors with its geographically perfect position to function as a gateway between Europe, Middle East and Central Asia. The opportunities exist not only in the dynamic domestic market, but also throughout the region.
Hospitality and tolerance being the traditional cornerstones of the Turkish way of life, the country is open to foreign investors with many attractions to offer.
·Leading role in the region (zero-problem based relations with the neighbours and the regional countries, facilitating role for the resolution of regional disputes).
·Parliamentary democracy based on multi-party political system.
·Stable political system (single party government since 2002).
·Strong civil society with many NGO’s (more than 40 thousand foundations and over 80 thousand associations are engaged dynamically in a variety of activities in the society ranging from education, culture, arts, health, social welfare to science, technology, research, environment, natural life, sports, women and artisan societies).
·Access to Europe, Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East and Nort Africa (From Istanbul, it only takes 4 hours by plane to reach more than 50 countries,- a quarter of the world's population and a quarter of the world's economy).
·Mature and dynamic private sector (high productivity, regional base of many well-known international companies).
·Large and growing domestic market (72,5 million people).
·Supply of young, trained, well educated, motivated and cost effective labour force (61% of the population is under the age of 34 (about 45 million people). Median age is around 28,5 with its over 24 million young workers; the 4th biggest labour force comparing to EU-27, about 500 thousand graduates from 143 different universities per year)
·Liberal and secure investment environment (equal treatment for the domestic and foreign investors. Foreign investors enjoy the same privileges and obligations as the domestic capital; national or international arbitration is allowed, total stock of FDI is more than 205 billion $)
·15th most attractive FDI destination for 2008-2010 (UNCTAD World Investment Prospects Survey) (Between 2002-2009, total FDI is 85 billion $)
·Potential EU member state in the course of accession negotiations (13 negotiation chapters have been opened since 2005).
·Customs Union with the EU Countries; free trade is possible with other 16 countries+EFTA under Free Trade Agreements.
·Being a member of G-20, non-permanent member of UN Security Council and one of the co-sponsors of the UN-led Alliance of Civilizations initiative, Turkey contributes to the global system through all these three bodies.
·Turkey also has Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements with 73 countries,
·Developed infrastructure (modern motorways and two-lane highways, extensive railway network with high-speed train services, large and high-standard international airports, new and developed telecommunication infrastructure),
·Competitive tax system (Corporate Income Tax reduced from 30% to 20%; individual Income Tax varies from 15% to 35%; tax benefits and incentives in Technology Development Zones, Industrial Zones and Free Zones -these could include total or partial exemption from Corporate Income Tax, up to 80% grant on employer’s social security share, as well as land allocation-, various incentive schemes at regional and sectoral base).
·Tourism destination for 27 million foreign visitors as of 2009.
·Strong macro-economic fundamentals(fiscal discipline) Customs Union with EU member states
E F T A(Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) Albania
Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia
Macedonia
Montenegro Serbia
Egypt
Israel
Jordan
Morocco
Palestine
Syria
Tunisia Georgia
Chile AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENTS IN EFFECT (as of 22.04.2010) State Date of Signature Date of Official Gazette Date of Enforcement Starting Date of Application to Taxes 1) Austuria 03/11/1970 01.08.1973 - 14612 24/09/1973 01/01/1974 2) Norway 16/12/1971 21.12.1975 - 15445 30/01/1976 01/01/1977 3) S. Korea 24/12/1983 02.10.1985 - 18886 25/03/1986 01/01/1987 4) Jordan 06/06/1985 15.07.1986 - 19165 03/12/1986 01/01/1987 5) S.Arabia 11/01/1989 02.07.1990 - 20566 09/08/1990 01.01.1987 (1) 6) Tunisia 02/10/1986 30.09.1987 - 19590 28/12/1987 01/01/1988 7) Romania 01/07/1986 21.08.1988 - 19906 15/09/1988 01/01/1989 8) Netherlands 27/03/1986 22.08.1988 - 19907 30/09/1988 01/01/1989 9) Pakistan 14/11/1985 26.08.1988 - 19911 08/08/1988 01/01/1989 10) UK 19/02/1986 19.10.1988 - 19964 26/10/1988 01/01/1989 11) Finland 09/05/1986 30.11.1988 - 20005 30/12/1988 01/01/1989 12) Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 22/12/1987 26.12.1988 - 20031 30/12/1988 01.01.1989 (2) 13) France 18/02/1987 10.04.1989 - 20135 01/07/1989 01/01/1990 14) Germany 16/04/1985 09.07.1986 - 19159 31/12/1989 01.01.1990 (3) 15) Sweden 21/01/1988 30.09.1990 - 20651 18/11/1990 01/01/1991 16) Belgium 02/06/1987 15.09.1991 - 20992 08/10/1991 01.01.1992 (4) 17) Denmark 30/05/1991 23.05.1993 - 21589 20/06/1993 01/01/1991 18) Italy 27/07/1990 09.09.1993 - 21693 01/12/1993 01/01/1994 19) Japan 08/03/1993 13.11.1994 - 22110 28/12/1994 01/01/1995 20) U.A.E. 29/01/1993 27.12.1994 - 22154 26/12/1994 01.01.1995 (5) 21) Hungary 10/03/1993 25.12.1994 - 22152 09/11/1995 01/01/1993 22) Kazakhstan 15/08/1995 08.11.1996 - 22811 18/11/1996 01/01/1997 23) Macedonia 16/06/1995 07.10.1996 - 22780 28/11/1996 01/01/1997 24) Albania 04/04/1994 05.10.1996 - 22778 26/12/1996 01/01/1997 25) Algeria 02/08/1994 30.12.1996 - 22863 30/12/1996 01/01/1997 26) Mongolia 12/09/1995 30.12.1996 - 22863 30/12/1996 01/01/1997 27) India 31.01.1995 30.12.1996 - 22863 30/12/1996 01.01.1994 28) Malaysia 27/09/1994 30.12.1996 - 22863 31/12/1996 01.01.1997 29) Egypt 25.12.1993 30.12.1996 - 22863 31/12/1996 01.01.1997 30) P.R. of China 23/05/1995 30.12.1996 - 22863 20/01/1997 01/01/1998 31) Poland 03/11/1993 30.12.1996 - 22863 01/04/1997 01/01/1998 32) Turkmenistan 17/08/1995 13.06.1997 - 23018 24/06/1997 01.01.1998 (6) 33) Azerbaijan 09/02/1994 27.06.1997 - 23032 01/09/1997 01/01/1998 34) Bulgaria 07/07/1994 15.09.1997 - 23111 17/09/1997 01/01/1998 35) Uzbekistan 08/05/1996 07.09.1997 - 23103 30/09/1997 01/01/1997 36) U.S.A. 26/03/1996 31.12.1997 - 23217 19/12/1997 01/01/1998 37) Belarus 24/07/1996 22.04.1998 - 23321 29/04/1998 01/01/1999 38) Ukraine 27/11/1996 22.04.1998 - 23321 29/04/1998 01/01/1999 39) Israel 14/03/1996 24.05.1998 - 23351 27/05/1998 01/01/1999 40) Slovakia 02/04/1997 03.10.1999 - 23835 02/12/1999 01/01/2000 41) Kuwait 06/10/1997 28.11.1999 - 23890 13/12/1999 01/01/1997 42) Russian Fed. 15/12/1997 17.12.1999 - 23909 31/12/1999 01/01/2000 43) Indonesia 25/02/1997 15.02.2000 - 23965 06/03/2000 01/01/2001 44) Litvanya 24/11/1998 10.05.2000 - 24045 17/05/2000 01/01/2001 45) Croatia 22/09/1997 10.05.2000 - 24045 18/05/2000 01/01/2001 46) Moldova 25/06/1998 25.07.2000 - 24120 28/07/2000 01/01/2001 47) Singapore 09/07/1999 18.07.2001 - 24466 27/08/2001 01/01/2002 48) Kyrgyzystan 01/07/1999 12.12.2001 - 24611 20/12/2001 01/01/2002 49) Tajikistan 06/05/1996 24.12.2001 - 24620 26/12/2001 01/01/2002 50) Sudan 26/08/2001 17.09.2003 - 25232 31/01/2005 01/01/2006 51) Czech Rep. 12/11/1999 15.12.2003 - 25317 16/12/2003 01/01/2004 52) Spain 05/07/2002 18.12.2003 - 25320 18/12/2003 01/01/2004 53) Bangladesh 31.10.1999 15.12.2003 - 25317 23.12.2003 01.01.2004 54) Latvia 03/06/1999 22.12.2003 - 25324 23/12/2003 01/01/2004 55) Slovenia 19/04/2001 23.12.2003 - 25325 23/12/2003 01/01/2004 56) Greece 02/12/2003 02.03.2004 - 25390 05/03/2004 01/01/2005 57) Syria 06/01/2004 28.06.2004 - 25506 21/08/2004 01/01/2005 58) Thailand 11/04/2002 08.01.2005 - 25694 13/01/2005 01/01/2006 59) Luxemburg 09/06/2003 08.01.2005 - 25694 18/01/2005 01/01/2006 60) Estonia 25/08/2003 04.07.2004 - 25512 21/02/2005 01/01/2006 61) Iran 17/06/2002 09.10.2003 - 25254 27/02/2005 01/01/2006 62) Morocco 07/04/2004 22.06.2005 - 25853 18/07/2006 01/01/2007 63) Lebanon 12/05/2004 17.08.2006 - 26262 21/08/2006 01/01/2007 64) R. of South Africa 03/03/2005 20.11.2006 - 26352 06/12/2006 01/01/2007 65) Portugal 11/05/2005 15.12.2006 - 26377 18/12/2006 01/01/2007 66) Serbia-Montenegro 12/10/2005 08.08.2007 - 26607 10/08/2007 01/01/2008 67) Ethiopia 02/03/2005 09.08.2007 - 26608 14/08/2007 01/01/2008 68) Bahrain 14/11/2005 21.08.2007 - 26620 02/09/2007 01/01/2008 69) Qatar 25/12/2001 05.02.2008 - 26778 11/02/2008 01/01/2008 70) Bosna-Herzegovina 16/02/2005 08.04.2007 - 26487 18/09/2008 01/01/2009 71) Saudi Arabia09.11.20073.02.2009 – 01/04/200901/01/2010 27130
72) New Zealand22.04.2010
73) Australia28.04.2010
(1) The agreement applies only to taxes arising from air transportation activities. (2) Anlaşmanın 5 inci maddesinin 2 nci fıkrasının (h) bendinin 2 nci fıkrası, 11 nci maddesinin 3 üncü fıkrasının (c) bendi ve 14 üncü maddesinin 2 nci fıkrası gereğince bir Akit Devlette vergilendirilmeyecek olan kazanç ve iratlar hakkında 1.1.1987 tarihinden itibaren başlayan vergilendirilme dönemleri için yürürlüğe girmiştir. (3) Articles related to sea and air transportation are effective since 01.01.1983. This treaty is terminated to be effective as of 01.01.2011 with no effect for the years 2009 and 2010. Negotiations for a new agreement continue. (4) Anlaşma uçakların uluslararası trafikte işletilmesinden sağlanan kazançlar yönünden 1.1.1987 tarihinden itibaren elde edilen gelirler üzerinden alınan vergilere uygulanacaktır. (5) Anlaşma hava taşımacılık faaliyetlerinden elde edilen gelirler ile bu kazançlar için açtırılan mevduat hesabı dolayısıyla elde edilen faiz gelirleri için 1.1.1988 tarihinden itibaren uygulanacaktır. (6) Anlaşma hükümleri müteahhitlik yönünden 17.08.1995; diğer hükümler yönünden ise 1.1.1998 tarihinden itibaren uygulanacaktır. COMPANY ESTABLISHMENT LAW ON AMENDMENTS TO BE MADE INTURKISH COMMERCIAL CODE, PROCEDURAL TAX LAW,STAMP DUTY LAW, LABOUR LAW AND SOCIAL SECURITY LAW ARTICLE 1- First paragraph of Article 69 of Turkish Commercial Code No: 6762 dated 29/06/1956 has been amended to read as follows: At the establishment stage of a company, the company books designated in Paragraph1 of Article 66 have to be presented to the trade registry office functioning at the location of the commercial enterprise headquarters or the notary, by the entrepreneur, before using. These books will be endorsed and signed so as to enclose the data stipulated in the provisions regularizing the endorsement of books in the Tax Procedural Law No: 213. Trade registry officer or the notary will inscribe the number of pages constituting each book on its first page and certify thereof with official stamp and his signature. The kind and number of the books/ledgers endorsed by notaries and the names of their owners have to be notified to the related trade registry office within seven days latest. Company books/ledgers for the subsequent year and other books/ledgers will be endorsed according to the provisions regularizing the endorsement of books in the Procedural Tax Law No: 213. ARTICLE 2- Article 273 of Law 6762 has been amended to read as below: Article 273 – Establishment of joint stock companies to engage in activities that will be determined and announced by the Ministry of Industry and Commerce are subject to the permit of the Ministry. Amendments to the articles of associations of such companies shall also be subject to the approval of the Ministry. Establishment of other joint stock companies and amendments to the articles of association of these are not subject to permit of the Ministry. ARTICLE 3 - Article 386 of Law No: 6762 and its title has been amended to read as follows: 2. Announcement and notification: Article 386 – In case the shareholders meeting has to be summoned so as to amend the articles of association; the amended text has to be announced along with the original text and the concerned persons have to be notified in accordance with Article 368. Managers will apply for registration at the trade registry office functioning at the location of the company headquarters, in accordance with the provisions of Article 31. ARTICLE 5 - First paragraph of Article 509 and Article 514 (totally) of Law No: 6762 has been repealed. ARTICLE 6 – Subparagraph 1 of first paragraph of Article 168 of Procedural Tax Law No: 213 dated 04/01/1961 has been amended to read as: 1. Notification of initiation of operation for real persons will be served within ten days following the date of initiation of operation by themselves or by attorneys who are licensed in accordance with Attorneys Law No: 1136 or by members of professions authorized in accordance with Law No: 3568 to the related tax office. Notification of initiation of operation of companies will be served to the related tax office within ten days following the date of initiation of operation by commercial registrars. Notifications of companies including notifications for abandoning business or notifications of changes, except notification of initiation of operation will be served to the related tax office by the taxpayer within one month following the occurrence of the event being notified. ARTICLE 7- The paragraph below has been supplemented to Article 223 of Law No: 213, to read as: At the establishment stage of joint stock companies and limited liability companies, the company books will be endorsed by the commercial registrar functioning at the location of the company headquarters or a notary. ARTICLE 8 - First sentence of first paragraph of Article 224 of Law No: 213 has been amended to read as: Certification annotations to be made by commercial registrars at the establishment stage of joint stock companies and limited liability companies and certification annotations to be made by notaries will be inscribed on the first page of the books and will contain the following information. ARTICLE 9 - Paragraph (a) of Article 22 of the Stamp Duty Law No: 488 dated 01/07/1964 has been amended to read as: a) Within three months following the registration of the articles of association of joint stock companies, partnerships limited by shares and limited liability companies or the resolutions regarding the extension of periods of such, ARTICLE 10 - The following paragraph has been supplemented, to succeed the second paragraph into Article 3 of Labor Law No: 4857 dated 22/05/2003 to read as: However, registration of companies shall be made as based on the documents sent by the trade registry offices, and these documents will be sent to the related regional directorate of Ministry of Labour and Social security by the related trade registry office in one month time. ARTICLE 11 - The following paragraph has been supplemented to succeed the first paragraph of Article 8 of Social Security Law No: 506 dated 17/07/1964 to read as: Notifications served by companies at company establishment stage, declaring the initiation date of employing insured personnel and the number of such to trade registry offices will be sent to the related department of the Authority by trade registry offices within ten days and this notification will be deemed as served to the Authority by the employer. In case the notification is not sent to the Authority in due time, the related trade registry office will be charged in accordance with Paragraph (a) of Article 140 of this Law. ARTICLE 12 - The following paragraph has been supplemented to succeed the first paragraph of Article 153 of Law No: 213 to read as: Trade registry offices will send one copy of the application documents of the establishments that are subject to corporate tax and apply for registration in compliance with Article 30 of Turkish Commercial Code, to the related tax office. Thus, obligation of the taxpayers to notify their initiation of operation is regarded as fulfilled. Procedural penalty provisions on late notification will be applied to trade registrars who do not fulfill their notification obligation on time. ARTICLE 13 – This Law comes into effect on the date of its publication. ARTICLE 14 – The provisions of this law will be enforced by the Council of Ministers.
FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
For royalty, interest and dividend ratios; please check pg. 54 of YASED's Investment Environment in Turkey 2009report.
For more information: http://www.gib.gov.tr
Law No. 4884
Date of Endorsement : 11.06.2003
ARTICLE 4 - First paragraph of Article 510 of Law No: 6762 has been amended as below and the third paragraph of the same article has been repealed:
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